Cardiology im Schauspielhaus

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a disease in which the coronary vessels (coronary arteries) become narrowed or blocked by plaque deposits. The coronary arteries supply the heart with oxygen-rich blood. The deposits in these vessels cause less blood and oxygen to reach the heart muscle, which initially leads to symptoms such as a feeling of tightness and chest pain (angina pectoris), especially under stress. If the heart continues to be undersupplied with oxygen, this can lead to a heart attack. 

In the event of a heart attack, emergency hospitalisation is mandatory (ambulance number: 144). 

It occurs when the blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart muscle are suddenly interrupted. This happens when a blood clot blocks a coronary artery that supplies the heart with oxygen. Without sufficient oxygen, the affected tissue dies within a short time and the heart muscle can be permanently damaged. Symptoms of a heart attack can include chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, cold sweats and pain that radiates to the arms, neck or upper abdomen. A heart attack is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment to restore blood flow to the heart and minimise damage. This can be achieved through medication, catheter treatment or bypass surgery. After a heart attack, lifestyle changes and taking medication to prevent further events are crucial.

Valvular heart disease occurs when one or more of the four heart valves do not function properly. By opening and closing, these valves regulate the blood flow in the heart and ensure that the blood flows in the right direction. Heart valve disease can be caused by either narrowing of the valves (stenosis) or leaky valves (insufficiency). The most common is aortic valve stenosis followed by mitral valve insufficiency, aortic valve insufficiency and mitral valve stenosis.

The causes of valvular heart disease vary. Some valve diseases are congenital or develop in the course of life. Others are caused by inflammation or after a heart attack.  Treatment can range from medication to relieve symptoms to surgery to repair or replace the affected heart valves.

Hypertension is a condition in which the pressure of the blood in the arteries (oxygen-rich blood vessels) is permanently elevated. This increased pressure puts a strain on the heart and blood vessels, which can lead to various health problems, including heart attack, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure and other serious complications. Often, high blood pressure does not cause any recognisable symptoms, which is why it is important to measure blood pressure at regular intervals. Treatment can include lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, exercise and stress management, as well as the administration of medication.

Heart failure is a cardiac insufficiency that results in the heart no longer being able to pump enough blood around the body to supply the organs and tissues with oxygen and nutrients. Typical symptoms of heart failure are shortness of breath, coughing, reduced performance, pass water at night or sudden weight gain. Treating the underlying diseases, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and drug therapy can help to prevent or alleviate heart failure.

The heart normally beats in a regular pattern that is triggered by electrical impulses. In the case of a cardiac arrhythmia, this rhythm can be disturbed, either by heartbeats that are too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia) or irregular, such as arrhythmias or atrial fibrillation. In some cases, arrhythmias are harmless, but they can also be dangerous and should therefore be evaluated by a cardiologist. 

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